if there ever is a settlement on mars i'm sure that they 've wanted as first to open up as a coffee house its one of the most complex beverages on earth 2 dollars for a cup of coffee 1 cent goes to the producer of coffee
starbucks french roast whole bean coffee 40 ounce, coffee is the second most valuable legal traded commodity on the face of the earth after oil it's just this little seed
but has these enormous political social and economic impucts on humans beings this is the epic story of a beverage that shares its birthplace with our earliest human ancestors at this hour we see how coffee spreads from the ancient world, becoming the dark medium
through its social, sexual, economic and political life evolves, fostering much of what is best and worst about our civilization. from the hills of ethiopia to the marinas of seattle people around the globe drink 500 billion cups of coffee a year half of them at breakfast every morning, everywhere people prepare their favorite
cups in their favorite way for shear pleasurefew mornings rituals rivala good cup of coffee coffee has been at the center of conversation for hundreds of years is a social romantic beverage its a theatrical experience the experience of coffee alters cultures and everyplace it goes romances are sparked revolutions conspired all over this dark ,potent brew
is black and it is clearing our brains so it produces light in our brains then it is something that went through the fire and it has a certain hellish connotation so there is some black magic associated with coffee as the essential morning beverage coffee delivers the largest dose of the world's most widely taken legal drug if tomorrow coffee was suddenly withdrawn from the world
and there was no such thing as coffee anymore people would go frantic for one thing , i mean they would become to go like this from the bean to the cup, coffee provides a livelihood assets for over 25,000,000 people 100.000.000 more depend on coffee for their survival the story of coffee beginswith a green bean hidden in a redcherry of the coffee tree some call it magical , others say it is evil but no matter how jealously orgreedally garded , neither kings, nor
merchants nor priests could keep itfrom spreading around the earth for sooner or later, every one is seduced by the irresistible bean this is an saga which begins over a thousand years ago deep in the ancient forest of a land often called the cradle of humanity noone really knows who discovered coffee or when exactly it was, but we do know that he was in ethiopia that coffee still grows wild in the mountains of ethiopia and there is a wonderful legend of kaldi the goat herd that makes as much sense as any other creation myth
he suddenly felt all kinds of energy and excitement and he started dancing around and singing and he felt like writing poetry with his girlfriend and things like that so that 's how coffee was supposedly discovered ethiopians are the first to gather coffee grown wild in the forest is it likely, as in the kaldi legend that coffee cherries were simply chewed at first or beans ground with fat to make an energy bar
later the ethiopians brew the leaves with boiled water as it with tea it is'nt until 1400 that someone perhaps accidentally roast the beans and discovers how good they smell they grind them and brew a black potent beverage aaaahhh coffee hashi mohamed 's granddaughter prapares an elaborate coffee ceremony that is centuries old only the women of the house can roast the beans when they begin to crackle she ladls them on a metal plate to be blessed by the spirits of fertility and prosperity
ceremony commemorates the journey of three sheikhs who went into the wilderness in search of god when they were nearly starving,it is said , god appeared and instructed them to grindcoffee beans for food there are always three servings of coffee to honor the three sheiks the first round is called'''' abo then'' tona'' and finally'' baraka â» which means the blessing the mistress pours the boiled coffee from high up to let the aroma permeate the room
she adds a little sugar or sometimes salt the brew is thick and strong with some of the arounds still floating in the cup the eldest is always served first while the ancient ethiopians revere their wild coffee they can not keep it to themselves it is only a matter of time untill traders bring beans to the arabian port of mocha from there the arabs begin the first known cultivation of coffee in the nearby mountains of yemen the name coffee propably comes not from ethiopia but from yemen
coffee cultivation went across the red sea and so the arabs began to grow it in yemen and the arab word for wine is qawa and that's the derivation they thought it was kind of like a substitute for wine, it was legall where as wine was not and so i think that coffee propably comes from the word qawa some people say that coffee was named for a little town in ethiopia called kafta other people say that kafta was named for coffee some people say that it came from coffee's power to forstall sleep and then it was an old word for something that puts off your desire for something the truth is that nobody knows where the word coffee came from
for stalling theirdesire for sleep ,the sufis are better able to perform their excstatic devotion the envigorating potionenhances their swirling trances as they reach out to merge with the divine soon the black brew spreads from temple to temple as a holy ceremonial drink it was through sufi's that coffee made its way through arab society see the sufi 's were of the laity . they who came from all works of life and they use tomeet at night to say their prayers then they go back home and they go to their jobs and so on
well they brought the knowledge of coffee back with them very quickly went overinto cyther life ,very wealthy peoplewould have entire rooms devoted to coffee drinkingand became the social thing that you did whensomething came over for poor people kaveh kanes coffee houses sprang out and people began to frequent them they became huge social venues people begun to play games there prostitutes began to hang out there
as coffee housesbecome the gathering places of the poor coffee also gaines a reputation as a troublemaking socialbrew there were not many places wherestrangers could meet and talk and haveconversations people from all levels of society and some there were 'nt any places like that ,and the coffee houses was something that no one had never seen before and they were considered tobe a sourse of vice , a source of possible sedition and revolution with good reason actuallycause the truth is
people do talk about politics in coffee houses in 1511 the governor of mecca whose name was khair bheg heard that people were doing lood and terrible things in the coffee houses but worst than that ,they weresaying bad and funny things him, they were making upsatirical verses about him so we decided that he would ban the coffee houses people come there ,they carry on ,they mix with other people can they got involved in treason but the worst thing isthey're drinking coffee and coffee is a drug its an intoxicate
well the corron prohipathyis of intoxicate this is a very serious matter in the muslim religion in fact the penalty for using intoxicants is execution and he try to ban the coffee houses over the sultan of cairo who is hisboss who loved coffee and was being served in cairowhen he heard about this he reversed the order disputes among the ruling classesabout the disreptutable coffee houses only adds to the popularity of theirresistible bean
as the turks conquered the arab world they inherit coffee and coffee culture soon coffee secures a place for itself in the everyday lives of ordinary people and although coffee is stillenjoyed in many domestic rituals turkish men come toprefer the public coffee houses coffee has always been important for both men and women in turkey but with the strict separation of the sexeswomen have long been forbidden in the coffee houses the women of the sultans harem drink coffee in an atmosphere of languorous sensuality afterwards they have their coffee grounds read by the court
fortune teller who tells them if they aresatisfying the sultan and whom he loves the best even today a young woman can still have her future devined in the grounds of her cup as the taste for coffeegrows the turks become more vigilant about protecting theirbeloved bean it was a very jealously guarded commodity particularly after the ottoman turks took over they spread coffee far and wide throughout the ottoman empire so this was obviouslysomething that they did'nt want anybody to be ableto grow besides them
so they were very carefulto keep the monopoly before they exported any coffeebeans they were parboil them to make sure that they were'nt furtile, they could not be grown so it became this precious commodity that people try to smuggle out aventually an indian namedbubha-budhan, this is propably true he taped some seeds around hisstomach underneath his clothing and smuggled them out and began to grow some in india then the dutch got hold ofsome furtile seeds then began growing them in theirgreen houses in amsterdam, the
from holland the dutch transport the precious coffee plant to their colony in java there they enslave the natives and forced them to cultivate coffee by 1683 mocha and java are the most sought afterbeans and coffee is poised to conquer europe, along with the armies of the sultan it was during a siege of viennaby an arab sultan who had sent a tremendous army to conquerthe west and he made his way to the gates of viennaand he surrounded vienna,he was aboutto conquer the city all of europe was in the balance, they were trying to figure out
who they could send totry to get some sort of reinforcements there was a pole named franzgeorg kolschitzky who had lived in arab lands and whospoke the language so he dressed up as an arab, he snack out through the lines... delivered a message to the frenchtroops that they needed help the french came , they defetedthe arabs and then the arabs fled in their haste they left behind their bags of unroasted coffee nobody knew what they were they thought they were camel foders so they were burning them kolscitzky smelled it andsaid ''ah ,that's coffee
don't burn it'','' i 'll take itif nobody else wants it '' having lived among the turks kultcizky knows the rudaments of roasting and brewing coffee he soon opens ''the bluebottle'' vienna 's first coffee house like the turks headds sugar to sweeten the cup people in vienna did not like thegrounds in the bottom, so they started to filter it and they did 'nt likethe raw taste of just plain coffee so they started adding milk to it then it's the way that we have it today while the viennese introducethe modern way of drinking coffee
the perfection of coffeeculture takes place in italy but where ever it appears there is also resistance to the exotic new beverage for some reason coffee arrived in europe with negative connotations about it it was almost as if there was advance warning coming , something bad is comingwhich everybody's going to like the turkish men went to coffee houses where they drank coffee without women they also went to bath houseswithout women and some of the turkish regiments had homosexuals in them and consequently the connection ofcoffee as the turks drink met
that there was an associationthat coffee made you effeminate and that was an attitude that was brought over to venice so it was a whole lot of ideas whichstuck in people's minds because largely the whole muslim world wasclosed off to the west italian priest regard the turkish foreigners and their black brew as athreat to christianity they partition clement the viii to ban the evil muslim practice of drinking coffee but when the pope tastesit he reputedly finds the drink so delicious he desidesto baptize it insted
soon more and more contact is being made, as the turks begin to trade with venice venetiansmaybe taking a liking to coffee, but their keeping their distance fromturks and other outsiders the caffe lavena in st.marks squarewas well known in the 18th century because at that age venetians did 'nt want to meet foreigners so the lavena was the foreigners coffee shop and the venetian did'nt come here because they come in the opposite side to the florian so it was a meeting point of the lavena for all the tourists of that age cafe lavena is well known as the richard wagner's cafe
because he used to stay hereevery afternoon at 5 o ' clock with his wife and his childrenspeaking to the owner of this coffee shop that was carlolavena my great grandfather here he was in the upper gallerywriting the finest pages of tristano und isolde or thesecond act of the parcifal and he stayed here also with other musician and he made a sort of circle ofmusician in this coffee shop the german richard wagner composes at thelavena while the italian guiseppe verdi composes at the florian.neither would think ofcrossing the piaza to meet the other
as wagner and verdi battle musicallyother are dreaming of love andcoffee is their elixir since the florian and thelavena are frequented by women the notorious casanovaspends hours in both cafes as one of the few venetians seekingromance on either side of the square he is commemorated with theseductive coffee named just for him we are going to have our worldcasanova coffee, this is the secret recipe with thespices and this is the espresso we are going to mix them and to put on the top the whipped cream
we call casanova coffee because therecipe is really ancient and we took these spices from the 18th century, so ifyou go and taste this kind of coffee the mixis really incredible italians love their coffee and how greatly enrich the world's coffee culture at illy cafe in trieste baristas learn the art of presenting the most delightful cup their masterpiece is themajesty real cappuccino named for the resemblanceto the color and peak of the cappucin monks cloak and usuallydrank at least by the italians in the morning ernesto illythe grand old man of italian coffee
knows how far the cup hascome from it's ancient methods of preparation , other europeans have developed many diffrent systems tomake their coffee but for impatient italians they all take too long the napolitan people areimpatient and one guy had a friend in milano,andsaid listen can you make it a little faster, i have to wait 6-8' to have my cup of coffee putsome pressure on top and the guy put some pressure and this was the beginning of espresso
espresso it is so strong in taste in aromaand in the body is weak in caffeine because you do not have time to extract all thecaffeine that is in the ground coffee the art of espresso is to stopextracting when all the good stuff is in the cup and all the badremains to be thrown away and this meansapproximately 1.5 ounces, so this is why espresso must be preparedin a small cup , because the temptation to put some morewater in a big cup will spoil the pleasure of a perfectly prepared espresso so you have this funny contradiction, it tastes strong smell a lot and has a low
caffeine, this is why the italiancan drink 10 cup of coffee espresso in italy and when they visit the statesand they drink 10 cup american coffee they get shakybecause too much caffeine when you want to be stimulated andwant to have your simpathetic system bright and powerful you take an amphetaminebut no relaxation if you want to be relaxed you have a glass of wine but noallertness only coffee produces allertnessand relaxation and this is what makes coffee so magic i understand that people were feeling coffee to be magic because it is real magic the cafe has always been home to artists and intellectuals
a place to give expression to caffeine inspired eruptions of imagination and ideas the french novelist balszakwrote in a cafe, while drinking his usual 40 cups a day'' sparks shout all the way the brain ''he saidabout coffee and the cavalry of the metaphore deployswith a magnificent gallop so here we are in the middle of the golden trianglewith the cafe de fleur on my left, cafede fleur famous for writers and film stars and here we haveles deux margot another literary cafeusually the same kind of writers philosophers
behind me we have brasserielipp which is specialized in politicians chiefs of state and filmstars the french who are nowvery famous for coffee was somewhat late, butstill in the late 1600 , the turkish sultanwho was the ambassador to paris set this crazegoing for all things arad, so all the frenchpeople would dress up with little head thingsand they would ly around on their pillows and they woulddrink coffee and so coffee took paris by storm
the french are inamered with coffee but they do'nt know how to make it procopio del cortel anitalian siezes on this opportunity, in 1686 heopens cafe le procope thus introducing the french to the french cafe from the earliest days of le procope thefrench had been gathering in cafes to engage one anotherin discussion and debate conversation can be raised to a fine artnow that coffee is replacing wine and beer asthe beverage of choice i believe louis was under an alcoholic hazefor decades and all of sudden coffee
started to come in a new found, a newnew place where people could drink and communicate and join together without the alcohol newly sober and alerteuropeans can finally take stock, around the marble top tables of their cafes the frenchdiscuss events of the day and consider whatmight be done about them once again coffee is stimulating social ferment the coffee shop had an important role to play with thethe coffee shop owner putting newspapers around they became places where people would con rate to have importantpolitican discussions
and i've got an idea that it's certain he'll opt to have a clear head nowyou set for your slightly precipiced slightly drunk, that does'nt make for good discussions about warplans or political plans very many revolutianery movement started in cafes that is absolutely true because for instancemarar , roberspierre, dardaun deisetin all these people were beheaded afterwards , but until they had theirhead they could talk and really , and discussand really do something
the revolutianary tradition of cafes lives on in the ideals and passionateintensity of new generations as does the tradition of cafes as the setting for great love affairs when i was a student and i just enteredand got out immediately cause i could'nt afford to buy a cup of coffeehere because i was very poor bad, but i did have a glimpse ofsartre and beauvoir, because i came up here and i saw them at separate tables and i was very impressed ,and then where was time ofcourse as a student, i did get into cafes because everybodywas sitting in cafes
and the cafã© as an institution is like aliving theater, you go to a cafe to look to be looked at , to pick upa woman or a man, according to what you want it belongs to each kind of tradition, to go to the loo, to buy some cigarettes if you smoke, if you still smoke andjust to be surrounded by people really in this very close society of ours and everything you can start a conversation in a cafe and perhaps even to estamblisha kind of relationship after, talking,but you can do it, i mean it's not rude to talk to somebody you need and
eventually that can develop intoa love story although there are many whoclaim to have opened the first coffee house ineurope, it is actually a jewish immigrant from lebanonwho deserves the honour for opening the angel in of all places, england nowhere else does the coffeehouse had the effect of a liquid torrentpurring over the country was the british odly enoughcause we think of them as tea drinkers but they became the big
coffee drinkers.by 1700there were 2,000 coffee houses in london alone and every singlecoffee house had a specialty the writers would go to one,the bankers would go to another one and seafarers would go to another one, there was this ferment of intellect , they were called penny universitiesbeacause for a penny you could get a cup of coffee and you couldhave these fantastic conversations of course people were curiousto know what was happening and they would go to these coffeeestablisments and indeed people wantedto get away from the pubs
because you could actually go into a coffee house and without alcohol you couldactually work through your ,what you were doing your business and so the coffee houses became the king pinon which the social and commercial life of london ,the city oflondon revolved we are here now in the heart, the heart of the city of london castle court it 's no more than 1.2, 3 ..it's less than 4 feet wide all of the sudden this boozy atmosphere almost being carried by 300 years, and now the holy of hollies, this is the corner
side of the jamaicacoffee house, this is the side where pasqua rosse started his firstlondon coffee business in 1652 pasqua rosse was set up inbusiness by his boss, who had these traded connections with turkey, he broughtthe coffee back , was making it in his home andhe had so many guests so many people loved this aroma ofcoffee, roasted ground coffee so he set up his servant, so you better starttrade in the city so this is what he did behind me is the royal exchange which was established in the 16th century and around here once the coffee bars had been opened in 1652 ,
the traders thought they found somewhere else togo, to get away from things and here we are at change alleythe most important little thour affair for the coffee houses inthe whole of the city of london and it was here that jonathan 's established his business, so that the stockbrokers could come over from the oil exchange and have theircoffees here in the morning do their business and relax no doubt over lunchand have a nice time in the afternoon london coffee houses formany of the city's important businesses and customs, the tatler whichbecomes one of the early magazines ,
begins as a broadsheet withreports on the gossip , and more enlighten debates overheard in the coffee houses the tradition of tipping is said to ever originatedin the coffee house , where patrons toss money in a bowl label '' to insure promptness''or tip for short edward loyd's insurance businessstarts out as a coffee house on lamberd streetcatering to seafarers and merchants the story goes that loyd's of london, as theinsurance company was established because this is where the shipscaptains use to come with reports of when they arrived, import with what cargos and so it became a place
where the information about shipping cargos waslargely exchanged so that the insurance contracts could be made loyd's insurance when they moved out from the oil exchange area came here and they built this lovely facade whichwas this opening for the new loyd's building and then in morerecent years they build this enormous modern structure behind me whichis today the loyd's of london london's social and commercial lifehas always been a man's world.in the past women were not even allowedinside coffee houses, unless they were ..?? as in paris, the women of 17th century london , associate coffee with sex
but unlike the women of paris,british ladies excluded from the coffee houses have a very differentidea of the relationship there was an idea thatcoffee was bad for sex ,it made menvery weak when it came to sex, etc. so all these funny ideas came and they wereinterpreted and misinterpreted wherever they went, so that by the timethat coffee arrived in england and you must remember england was avery wealthy place at that time , there was an idea around that coffeewas really was bad for sexual activity and we can see that in the very first panfortsput out by the
ladies of london in a thing called the maiden's complaint which among other thingssaid'' when they come home our gallants have nothingmoist but their noses , nothing stiff but their joints and nothing standing but their ears'' so this was very funny the men wrote a response to this by the waywhere they said that was'nt true, that coffee in fact added a spiritual essency to thesperm and made them much better lovers in actuall fact, the coffee houses were full ofprostitutes upstairs and the reason for themaiden's complain was
that the husband wassleeping upstairs with catherine for 6' special ,coming downstairs for a cup of coffee, when they arrived home and the wife said how about it ,they would sayi'm sorry i just had a cup of coffee and so that's where the problem started and of course it continued in afolcloric manner from mother to daughter, mother to daughter, thisis what coffee does to you etc.. the women never did get into the coffeehouses , what eventually happened was that the coffee houses became private men's clubs and there were public tearooms beginning in theearly 1700s where women and children
could go and so tea took over from coffeefor a variety of reasons there was this taste fortea and of course people would talk about thelatest fashion for tea tea becomes not only moresociable and democratic it is cheaper and simplerto make, and the british not known for their cullinaryskills in any case never really learned tomake a good cup of coffee coffee was also much more difficult to makeyou had to roast the coffee grounds youthen had to grind or pulvurize
the coffee grounds in somewayand then you had to do make it , now coffee making is'ntthere for an easy thing to make but the coffee has propierties, said look, just a minute, this tea leaf you don't have to roast it ,it's already there all you have to do is put it in thepot.add the water and hey presto we 've got a drink whichis absolutely marvelous and suddenly tea became very very popular, women liked tea, you had this introduction of the afternoon tea and thecharm and the courtesy and the culture of tea was a very nice enjoyable experience and itwas the one time of the day when the
women knew that they could talk to their
what a pleasure it is to make tea and what a pleasure it is to drink it nectar ! as the british trade in tea grows so does the continent's taste for coffee in 1700 europeans are consuming 500.000 pounds of coffee, a 100 years later their consumption has grown to a100.000.000 and the french are eager to expend their trade the opportunity comes when a young french leiutenant charms a royal mistress initially lieutenant declieu was able to get hold off one coffee plantthe french hothouse
which was owned by the kingby seducing one of king's mistresses and she gave him thecoffee plant gabriel mathieu de clieu bringsthe single coffee plant on a voyage across the atlantic nursing itwith tenderness and care he shares half of water ratio with the seedlingduring the drought and protects it from jealouspassengers and other threats there was an evil duchman aboardwho ripped off one of the leaves of his plant cause he did'nt want him thefrenchman to bring the plant over there werepirates who attacked the ship and he had to
protect his coffee plant against thepirates, there was a big storm but finally he brings hiscoffee plant over, he plants it in martinique ,it thrivesand from that single plant most of the coffee that's now grown in the entiretyof latin america propably descends from that one plant , but just as the desire for coffeestimulates the age of reason and democracy it also imposescolonialism in the americas the french, like other european nations establish large slaveran plantations tocultivate the precious bean
after de clieu brought the coffee tree tomartinique it spread particularly in french owned islands and one of them wasname san domingo which is now haiti by 1790 half the world's coffee wasgrown on this one island , it 's really quite remarkable but under a polling conditionsslaves had been imported from africa in 1791 they revoltedthe first thing they did was to destroyall the sugar and the coffee plantations and as a result of this ,haiti has been the poorest country in the western hemisphere the slaves strugglelasts for 12 years in a vain attempt to regain haitinapoleon deploys his
troops, but they can not supress the uprising. it is the largestsuccessful slave revolt in history when napoleon learns of histroops defeat he exclaims in fury '' damncolonies, damn coffee'' its ironic that the reason theslaves revolted in 1791, was that 2 years before the french revolutionhad begun, and in large part the french revolution had been planedin coffee houses and coffee had been one of the germs for gettingpeople to think and plot the revolt so coffee at the same time wasrevolutionizing europe but also
slaves were revolting against the way theywere being forced to grow it where ever coffee has been introduced it has brought revolution or change
coffee which has given so much pleasureto europe will bring enormous pain to africa, where it comes from and the colonies where it's going the irresistible bean is about tocatch fire across the ocean and it will transform the economies , ecologies and politics ofall the americas
